In this study, by analyzing the questionnaire from 223 nonprofit organizations (NPOs) under the Chinese context, we develop and verify the scale of market orientation (MO) of NPOs which has a multidimensional construct, including customer orientation, organizational coordination, intelligence generation, organizational responsiveness and emphasis on surviving. This study also develops and verifies the scale of nonprofit organizational performance on the basis of Balanced Scorecard. Empirical results obtained from stepwise regression reveal that MO has significant positive impact on performance of NPOs and different dimension of MO has different impact on performance.