基于机器学习的主观认知下降老年人认知功能状况的影响因素分析

doi:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2023.23.057

护理学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (23): 57-61.doi: 10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2023.23.057

基于机器学习的主观认知下降老年人认知功能状况的影响因素分析

刘海虹^1,2,3, 张小雷^4,5, 薛茹⁶, 陶佳雨¹, 李晓敏¹, 李峰⁷, 刘海宁^1,2

1.承德医学院心理学系,河北承德 067000;
2.河北省神经损伤与修复重点实验室,河北承德 067000;
3.马来西亚国民大学社会科学与人文学院心理学与人类福祉研究中心,马来西亚班吉 43600;
4.承德医学院生物医学工程系,河北承德 067000;
5.博特拉大学工程学院,马来西亚沙登 43400;
6.承德医学院护理系,河北承德 067000;
7.北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,广东珠海 519087

收稿日期:2023-04-21 出版日期:2023-12-10 发布日期:2024-01-09
通讯作者: 刘海宁（1985-）,女,河北承德人,博士,副教授。E-mail: liuhn0401@sina.com
作者简介:刘海虹（1992-）,女,河北张家口人,硕士,博士研究生在读,讲师。
基金资助:
河北省神经损伤与修复重点实验室开放课题（NJKF202302）; 河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目（SQ2023137）; 河北省自然科学基金（C2022406010）; 国家自然科学基金（32300931）; 教育部人文社科基金青年项目（23YJCZH130）

Influencing factors of cognitive function of older adults with subjective cognitive decline based on machine learning

LIU Hai-hong^1,2,3, ZHANG Xiao-lei^4,5, XUE Ru⁶, TAO Jia-yu¹, LI Xiao-min¹, LI Feng⁷, LIU Hai-ning^1,2

1. Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China;
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde 067000, China;
3. Centre for Research on Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China;
5. Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
6. Department of Nursing, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China;
7. China Basic Education Quality Monitoring Collaborative Innovation Center,Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087,China

Received:2023-04-21 Online:2023-12-10 Published:2024-01-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的通过比较主观认知下降老年人认知功能的3种机器学习预测模型,探索其影响因素,为其预防和干预提供依据。方法利用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库相关条目,筛选出2 969名主观认知下降老年人,运用Lasso回归、支持向量回归、随机森林回归3种机器学习方法构建认知功能预测模型,并依据最优预测模型提取影响因素。结果随机森林预测模型的准确度最高（R²=0.864,MAE=1.988,MSE=5.879）,主观认知下降老年人认知功能的影响因素按重要性排序依次为：身体功能障碍、年龄、抑郁总分、自评健康、教育程度、娱乐总分、整洁度、午睡时间、IADL总分、是否有宽带。结论随机森林构建的主观认知下降老年人认知功能预测模型,预测效能优于Lasso回归和支持向量回归构建的预测模型。临床结合老年人具体情况及危险因素,从学习、娱乐、日常活动、午睡时间和网络使用等影响因素制定个性化和多维度的干预方案,预防主观认知下降老年人的认知功能下降。

关键词: 主观认知下降, 老年人, 机器学习, 认知功能

Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors and provide reference for the prevention and intervention of cognitive decline in elderly people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) by comparing cognitive function predictive models based on machine learning. Methods With the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, 2,969 elderly people with SCD were screened out. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, support vector regression (SRV), and random forest (RF) regression were used to construct predictive models for cognitive function of the elderly with SCD. The influencing factors of cognitive function were extracted based on the optimal predictive model. Results Among the three models, the one constructed by RF regression demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting cognitive function in older adults experiencing SCD (R²=0.864, MAE=1.988, MSE=5.879). The factors affecting the cognitive function of the elderly with SCD can be ranked in order of importance as follows: physical dysfunction, age, the total score of depression, self-assessment of health, education background, the total score of entertainment, cleanliness, nap time, total score of IADL, with broadband or not. Conclusion Cognitive function predictive model constructed using RF regression demonstrates superior performance compared to models constructed using LASSO regression and SVR. By integrating the specific circumstances and risk factors of older adults, clinical professionals can develop personalized and multidimensional intervention plans that address factors such as learning, leisure activities, daily routines, nap time, and internet usage, so as to prevent cognitive function decline in older adults experiencing SCD.

Key words: subjective cognitive decline, older adult, machine learning, cognitive function

中图分类号:

R473.2

刘海虹, 张小雷, 薛茹, 陶佳雨, 李晓敏, 李峰, 刘海宁. 基于机器学习的主观认知下降老年人认知功能状况的影响因素分析[J]. 护理学报, 2023, 30(23): 57-61.

LIU Hai-hong, ZHANG Xiao-lei, XUE Ru, TAO Jia-yu, LI Xiao-min, LI Feng, LIU Hai-ning. Influencing factors of cognitive function of older adults with subjective cognitive decline based on machine learning[J]. Journal of Nursing, 2023, 30(23): 57-61.

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基于机器学习的主观认知下降老年人认知功能状况的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of cognitive function of older adults with subjective cognitive decline based on machine learning

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