护理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (22): 16-20.doi: 10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2020.22.016
国内外捐献器官分配的相关实践及思考
段方见, 罗羽, 罗春梅, 雷蕾, 谢勤, 解雨
- 陆军军医大学 护理学院,重庆 400038
摘要： 目的 报告国内外捐献器官的分配实践,借鉴国外分配经验,为完善中国的器官分配提出建议。方法 检索国内外相关文献资料,根据收集的资料进行分类总结。结果 根据各国的器官分配实践,从分配现状、分配原则、分配方法展开,重点围绕网络和机构2类分配方法总结国内外的器官分配平台的运作方法。结论 相较于国外,中国的器官分配存在公众宣传不足,法律依据缺少,分配原则有待进一步探索和网络建设不完善等问题,因此,建议加强宣传器官捐献分配的公平合理操作过程,让民众与移植专家参与分配政策和法律的制定,建立器官分配的成果评价体系。
中图分类号:
- R617
| [1] Global Observatory on Organ Donation and Transplantation.2017report.[2019-11-20]..2017report.[2019-11-20].http://www.transplant-observatory.org/data-reports-2017/. [2] Gottlieb J.Lung Allocation[J].J Thorac Dis,2017,9(8):2670-2674.DOI:10.21037/jtd.2017.07.83. [3] 李姗霓,高伟,郑虹,等.美国器官移植的法制与体制建设概要[J].实用器官移植电子杂志,2015(2):74-78.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5332.2015.02.003. [4] SRTR.Organ Procurement Organization(OPO)Reports[EB/OL].(2019-07-08)[2020-01-20].https://www.srtr.org/reports-tools/opo-specific-reports/. [5] Tpm-Dti.International Registry in Organ Donation and Transplantation-Irodat[EB/OL](2018-11-13).http://www.irodat.org. [6] Matesanz R,Dominguez-Gil B,Coll E,et al.How Spain Reached 40 Deceased Organ Donors Per Million Population[J].Am J Transplant,2017,17(6):1447-1454.DOI:10.1111/ajt.14104. [7] Min SI,Ahn C,Han DJ,et al.To Achieve National Self-Sufficiency:Recent Progresses in Deceased Donation in Korea[J].Transplantation,2015,99(4):765-770.DOI:10.1097/tp.0000000000000412. [8] Joo HN.The Organ Transplantation Act and Recent Trends in Korea[J].Asia Pac J Public Health,2013,25(2):209-213.DOI:10.1177/1010539513476935. [9] Wang TH,Lee PC,Chiang YJ.Taiwan's Organ Donation and Transplantation:Observation from National Registry Point of View[J].J Formos Med Assoc,2017,116(9):649-651.DOI:10.1016/j.jfma.2017.02.017. [10] Cheung TK,Cheng TC,Wong LY.Willingness for Deceased Organ Donation Under Different Legislative Systems in Hong Kong:Population-based Cross-sectional Survey[J].Hong Kong Med J,2018,24(2):119-127.DOI:10.12809/hkmj176831. [11] 李文,江文诗,周稚烨,等.中国器官获取与移植监测网络[J].中华移植杂志(电子版),2012,6(1):5-8.DOI:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1647-3903.2012.01.001. [12] Godt.Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation[EB/OL][2018-11-29].http://www.transplant-observatory.org/reports/. [13] 佚名.器官捐献之惑:中国器官捐献调查[EB/OL].(2015-04-09)[2020-04-01].http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-04/09/c_1114915318.htm [14] Beauchamp TL,Childress JF.Principles of Biomedical Ethics[M].6th ed.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008. [15] 张玮晔.西班牙器官捐献组织架构与法律管窥[J].实用器官移植电子杂志,2015(2):82-87.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5332.2015.02.005. [16] De La Rosa G,Fondevila C,Navasa M.Liver Transplantation in Spain[J].Liver Transpl,2016,22(9):1259-1264.DOI:10.1002/lt.24484. [17] National Health Service Blood and Transplant.Annual Activity Report[DB/OL].[2020-04-01].https://www.odt.nhs.uk/. [18] Johnson RJ,Bradbury LL,Martin K,et al.Organ Donation and Transplantation in the Uk-the Last Decade:A Report from the Uk National Transplant Registry[J].Transplantation,2014,97 Suppl 1:S1-S27.DOI:10.1097/01.tp.0000438216737.68. [19] Neuberger J.Organisational Structure of Liver Transplantation in the Uk[J].Langenbecks Arch Surg,2015,400(5):559-566.DOI:10.1007/s00423-015-1296-9. [20] Neuberger J.Liver Transplantation in the United Kingdom[J].Liver Transpl,2016,22(8):1129-1135.DOI:10.1002/lt.24462. [21] Agence de la Biome Decine.Organigramme[DB/OL].[2020-04-01].https://www.agence-biomedecine.fr/?lang=fr. [22] Durand F.Development and Outcomes of the French Liver Allocation System[J].Curr Opin Organ Transplant,2020,25(2):132-138.DOI:10.1097/mot.0000000000000749. [23] Dorent R,Jasseron C,Audry B,et al.New French Heart Allocation System:Comparison with Eurotransplant and Us Allocation Systems[J].Am J Transplant,2020,20(5):1236-1243.DOI:10.1111/ajt.15816. [24] 王海燕,Senemaud B,陈忠华.法国器官捐献和移植管理及规范[J].中华移植杂志(电子版),2012,6(1):58-61.DOI:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1647-3903.2012.01.016. [25] 侯峰忠.美国器官捐献和移植管理体系简介[J].中华移植杂志(电子版),2011,5(4):330-336.DOI:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1647-3903.2011.04.016. [26] Hart A,Gustafson SK,Skeans MA,et al.Optn/Srtr2015 Annual Data Report:Early Effects of the New Kidney Allocation System[J].Am J Transplant,2017,17 Suppl 1:543-564.DOI:10.1111/ajt.14132. [27] Egan TM.How Should Lungs Be Allocated for Transplant?[J].Semin Respir Crit Care Med,2018,39(2):126-137.DOI:10.1055/s-0037-1620265. [28] Stegall MD,Stock PG,Andreoni K,et al.Why Do We Have the Kidney Allocation System We Have Today? A History of the 2014 Kidney Allocation System[J].Hum Immunol,2017,78(1):4-8.DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.008. [29] Jawitz OK,Fudim M,Raman V,et al.Reassessing Recipient Mortality Under the New Heart Allocation System:An Updated Unos Registry Analysis[J].Jacc Heart Fail,2020,8(7):548-556.DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2020.03.010. [30] Korea Organ Donation Agency.Organizational Structure[DB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://www.koda1458.kr/. [31] Lee SG,Moon DB,Hwang S,et al.Liver Transplantation in Korea:Past,Present,and Future[J].Transplant Proc,2015,47(3):705-708.DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.02.015. [32] Langer RM,Cohen B,Rahmel A.History of Eurotransplant[J].Transplant Proc,2012,44(7):2130-2131. [33] Jochmans I,Van Rosmalen M,Pirenne J,et al.Adult Liver |
| [1] | 胡婷, 林艳. 47例潜在儿童供体父母拒绝器官捐献的原因分析和对策[J]. 护理学报, 2020, 27(19): 67-70. |
| [2] | 张俊贤, 陈学顺, 杨一苇, 尹秋钰, 唐惠子, 侯正童. 330名大学生器官捐献态度及意愿水平分析[J]. 护理学报, 2018, 25(24): 21-24. |
| [3] | 董鹤,方玉婷,王丹,张慧兰,雷蕾,罗羽. 国内外器官捐献现状与思考[J]. 护理学报, 2017, 24(11): 23-26. |
| [4] | 陈肖,张红,丁翔,刘玲,卓琳,耿春密. 降低器官移植中心责任护士交接班内容缺陷率的品管圈实践[J]. 护理学报, 2016, 23(8): 9-12. |
| [5] | 郭月,徐晶,江莉,陈红,赵体玉. 心脏死亡器官捐献专科护士岗位的设立及实践[J]. 护理学报, 2016, 23(16): 1-4. |
| [6] | 苏庆东,董建辉,李壮江,孙煦勇,覃音红,聂峰,熊妮,陈宝玉. 1~12岁儿童逝世后单只供肾肾移植33例患者的护理[J]. 护理学报, 2015, (2): 41-43. |
| [7] | 陈吕静,许晓惠,陈世江,陈玥. 12例心脏死亡供体肾移植患者的术后护理[J]. 护理学报, 2014, (18): 43-45. |
| [8] | 郭振霞,刘喜文. 2008-2012年国外器官捐献促进措施分析[J]. 护理学报, 2013, (19): 12-15. |
|