基于马斯洛需求层次理论农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系的构建

doi:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2022.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的构建农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系,为科学评估留守老年人的社会支持需求现状提供依据。方法基于马斯洛需求层次理论,采用文献研究、焦点小组、德尔菲法建立农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系,于2020年3—7月对14名专家进行2轮专家咨询,应用SPSS 23.0计算专家积极系数、权威系数与协调系数,经小组讨论后对条目进行修改,应用Yaahp 确定各级指标权重与组合权重。结果 2轮专家函询的有效回收率分别为100%和93%,专家权威系数分别为0.797和0.810,2轮专家Kendall's W系数为0.236~0.529（均P<0.001）。最终形成的农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估指标包括5个一级指标、11个二级指标、56个三级指标。5个一级指标的权重分别为0.315、0.315、0.118、0.192和0.060。结论本研究构建的农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系具有科学性和可靠性,可用于判断农村地区留守老年人的社会支持需求,以构建有针对性的社会支持体系,为养老服务的建设提供参考。

关键词: 农村, 留守老年人, 社会支持, 需求, 指标体系, 德尔菲法

Abstract: Objective To construct a social support need assessment system for the left-behind elderly in rural, and provide a basis for scientifically evaluating the status of the social support needs of the left-behind elderly. Methods Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, used literature research, focus groups, and the Delphi method to establish a rural left-behind elderly social support needs assessment system, two rounds of expert consultation were conducted with 14 experts from March 2020 to July 2020 and applied SPSS 23.0 calculates expert positive coefficient, authority coefficient and coordination coefficient. After group discussion, the items are modified, and Yaahp was used to determine the weights and combination weight of indicators at all levels. Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert letter inquiries were 100% and 93%, the expert authority coefficients were 0.797 and 0.810, and expert Kendall's W coefficient for 2 rounds were 0.236~0.529 (both P<0.001). The final evaluation indicators for the social support needs of the left-behind elderly in rural areas include 5 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 56 third-level indicators.The weights of the five first-level indicators were 0.315, 0.315, 0.118, 0.192 and 0.060 respectively. Conclusion The assessment indicators in the study were scientific and reliable. It could be used to determine the social support needs of left-behind elderly in rural areas, to build a targeted social support system and provide references for the construction of elderly care services.

Key words: rural, left-behind elderly, social support, need, indicator system, Delphi technique

中图分类号:

R473.2

康艳楠, 魏文彤, 王瑞瑞, 张春梅, 刘彦慧. 基于马斯洛需求层次理论农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系的构建[J]. 护理学报, 2022, 29(8): 1-6.

KANG Yan-nan, WEI Wen-tong, WANG Rui-rui, ZHANG Chun-mei, LIU Yan-hui. Construction of Evaluation System for Needs of Social Support for Left-behind Elderly in Rural Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory[J]. Journal of Nursing, 2022, 29(8): 1-6.

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