孤独在老年慢性病患者社会支持与自我感知老化间的中介效应

doi:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2022.04.059

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨孤独在社会支持与自我感知老化间的中介作用,从而为改善老年慢性病患者消极的自我感知老化提供理论依据。方法本研究采取整群随机抽样法抽取石河子市2所社区卫生服务站530例老年慢性病患者,使用简版自我感知老化量表、孤独量表和社会支持量表进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 20.0和Process宏程序进行统计分析。结果老年慢性病患者孤独、社会支持和自我感知老化得分分别为（37.84±9.42）、（35.54±7.27）和（48.91±7.52）分。社会支持与自我感知老化、孤独得分均呈负相关（r=-0.330、r=-0.421,P<0.001）;孤独与自我感知老化得分呈正相关（r=0.535,P<0.001）。社会支持可直接影响老年慢性病患者的自我感知老化,还可通过孤独的中介作用间接影响自我感知老化,中介效应占总效应的61.21%。结论孤独是老年慢性病患者社会支持和自我感知老化之间的中介变量,社会医护工作人员应采取有效干预方法降低其孤独感和提高社会支持水平,从而减轻消极的自我感知老化,最终推进和实现成功老龄化。

关键词: 慢性病, 孤独, 自我感知老化, 社会支持, 中介效应

Abstract: Objective To To explore the mediating role of loneliness in social support and self-perceived aging, to provide a theoretical basis for improving the negative self-perceived aging in elderly patients with chronic diseases. Methods In this study, 530 cases of elderly chronically ill patients in 2 community health service stations in Shihezi City were selected by cluster random sampling method, and the Simplified Self-perceived Aging Scale (B-APQ), Loneliness Scale (UCLA) and Social Support Scale (SSRS) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey and SPSS20.0 and Process macro programs for statistical analysis. Results The score of loneliness, social support and self-perceived aging in elderly patients with chronic disease was 37.84±9.42, 35.54±7.27 and 48.91±7.52 respectively. Social support was negatively correlated with self-perceived aging and loneliness scores (r=-0.330, r=-0.421, P<0.001); loneliness and self-perceived aging scores were positively correlated (r=0.535, P<0.001). Social support can directly affect self-perceived aging of elderly chronically ill patients, and indirectly affect self-perceived aging through the intermediary effect of loneliness. The intermediary effect accounted for 61.21% of the total effect. Conclusion Loneliness is an intermediary variable between social support and self-perceived aging in elderly chronically ill patients. Effective intervention measure should be taken to reduce their loneliness and improve social support, thereby reducing negative self-perceived aging, and ultimately promote successful aging.

Key words: chronic diseases, loneliness, self-perceived aging, social support, mediating effect

中图分类号:

R473.59

张智月, 董奥, 冉明, 张国琴. 孤独在老年慢性病患者社会支持与自我感知老化间的中介效应[J]. 护理学报, 2022, 29(4): 59-63.

ZHANG Zhi-yue, DONG Ao, RAN Ming, ZHANG Guo-qin. Mediating Effect of Loneliness between Self-perceived Aging and Social Support in Elderly Chronically Ill Patients[J]. Journal of Nursing, 2022, 29(4): 59-63.

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