In the process of Chinese cultural transition，with changes of collectivism and individualism values as starting point, and self-construal and social desirability as measurement indexes, the current paper studied the impact of modernization on value orientation and behavioral tendency empirically with combining data from survey with 794 samples and secondary annual statistics data. The results show that modernization process represented by economic development is the inner driver of Chinese culture transition. Self-construal has three dimensions, named interdependent self-construal, independent self-construal and individual self-construal, while social desirability has been divided into two dimensions named compromise and persistence. Interdependent self-construal for collectivist value orientation is being weakened, and independent self-construal and individual self-construal are getting stronger. Interdependent self-construal has significantly positive impact on compromise and negative impact on persistence, while impacts of individual and independent self-construal on behavioral tendency are more complex. When facing with self and group conflicts, Chinese people are more tending to persist than compromise.