基于计划行为理论对400名临床男护士留职意愿影响因素组态分析

doi:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2023.18.048

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的基于计划行为理论的视角下,对临床男护士留职意愿的影响因素进行组态分析,为医院管理者识别男护士留职意愿的组合因素提供依据。方法采用便利抽样的方法,于2022年2-4月选取400名男护士进行横断面问卷调查,通过单因素分析在19个影响因素中找出有统计学意义的因素,运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法进行分析,探讨组合因素对男护士留职意愿的联动效应及其路径选择。结果本研究男护士留职意愿得分为（20.52±5.53）分,处于中等水平,其中中高留置意愿组310名（77.5%）,得分17~30（22.61±4.41）分;低留置意愿90名（22.5%）,得分为≤16（13.88±2.17）分。男护士职业获益感总分得分为89~148（114.91±14.54）分。本研究结果显示：薪酬待遇变量是中高水平留职意愿的必要条件,组态分析结果显示共提取了5个组态,分别隶属于3种类型。（1）行为-主观型：组态1：正向职业感知*护患关系*团队归属感;（2）行为-主观-知觉型：组态2：正向职业感知*亲友认同*晋升机会,组态3：护患关系*晋升机会*~轮值夜班;（3）知觉型：组态4：择业方式*科研与创新,组态5：临床教学*晋升机会*科研与创新。结论基于计划行为理论的fsQCA分析法明确了男护士留职意愿受多种因素相互组合协同联动效应的影响,并确定了男护士中高留置意愿各组态的核心因素及辅助因素。有助于医院和护理管理者借助“组态视角”下找出影响男护士职业稳定性的组合影响因素及提升路径,并为其制定干预措施提供新的证据及分析思路。

关键词: 男护士, 留职意愿, 定性比较分析方法, 计划行为理论

Abstract: Objective To conduct configuration analysis on the influencing factors of clinical male nurses' willingness to stay on post based on Planned Behavior Theory (TPB), and to provide reference for hospital managers to identify multiple factors of male nurses' willingness-to-stay. Methods Four hundred male nurses were conveniently sampled for a cross-sectional questionnaire survey from February to April 2022. Single factor analysis was conducted to find out statistical factors from 19 influencing factors based on TPB, and Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used for exploring the linkage effect and path selection of combined factors on male nurses' willingness to stay on post. Results In this study, the score of male nurses' willingness-to-stay was 20.52±5.53, which was at the medium level. Among them, 310 (77.5%) with moderate or strong willingness-to-stay scored 17~30 (22.61±4.41), and 90 (22.50%) with mild willingness-to-stay scored lower than 16 (13.88±2.17). The total score of male nurses' sense of professional benefit was 89~148 (114.91±14.54). Salary was the necessary condition for the medium and strong willingness-to-stay. Configuration analysis showed that five configurations are extracted, which were grouped into three types: (1)behavior-subjectivity: configuration 1:positive professional perception * nurse patient relationship * team belonging; (2) behavior-subjectivity-perception: configuration 2: positive professional perception * family and friend identification * promotion opportunities, configuration 3: nurse patient relationship* night shift * promotion opportunities; (3) perception: configuration 4: career choice * scientific research and innovation, configuration 5: clinical teaching * promotion opportunities * scientific research and innovation. Conclusion FsQCA analysis based on TPB shows that male nurses' willingness-to-stay is influenced by synergistic linkage effect of multiple factors, and core factors and cofactors of each configuration of male nurses' moderate and strong willingness-to-stay are determined in the study. It is helpful for hospital managers to figure out the combined influencing factors and improvement paths affecting the professional stability of male nurses from the perspective of configuration, and provide new evidence and analysis to formulate intervention measures.

Key words: male nurse, willingness-to-stay, qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), Planned Behavior Theory

中图分类号:

高丽霞, 杨麦兰, 孔令梅, 姚瑶. 基于计划行为理论对400名临床男护士留职意愿影响因素组态分析[J]. 护理学报, 2023, 30(18): 48-53.

GAO Li-xia, YANG Mai-lan, LONG Ling-mei, YAO Yao. Configuration analysis of clinical male nurses' willingness-to-stay based on Planned Behavior Theory: a 400-case study[J]. Journal of Nursing, 2023, 30(18): 48-53.

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