护理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (21): 31-35.doi: 10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2021.21.031
徐艳, 袁玲
XU Yan, YUAN Ling
摘要: 目的 对国内外ICU安宁疗护领域研究热点进行总结,了解其发展现状和趋势。方法 以Web of Science数据库为基础,以hospice、“terminal care”、“intensive care”等为主题词,检索2004—2020年的ICU安宁疗护相关文献,导入书目共现分析系统(BICOMB2.0),进行高频关键词的提取,形成词篇矩阵,使用gCLUTO 1.0软件对词篇矩阵进行聚类分析。结果 纳入有效文献1 274篇,截取高频关键词41个,聚类分析得出6个热点,归为3个方向:(1)不同疾病和年龄群的安宁疗护;(2)ICU安宁疗护实施的重点环节,包括预立计划、安宁疗护早期咨询、家庭会议和多学科协作、维持/撤出治疗等;(3)ICU安宁疗护实践中的阻碍因素,如伦理和道德压力、传统文化因素、ICU医护人员对安宁疗护的认知及知识储备等。结论 西方的ICU安宁疗护在研究对象、服务流程、从业者认知、相关社会背景研究等方面有较多经验,我国正在探索和发展适应国情的安宁疗护模式。建议可借鉴成熟经验,通过多途径来实现发展,包括:多学科ICU团队参与安宁疗护;对大众传播和普及相关理念;加强医护人员的教育和培训;院校开设必修课程;出台相应的法律法规和伦理要求,规范安宁疗护准入和管理标准等。
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