Based on social exchange theory, this study conducts a mediation model to investigate the mediating role of organizational commitment between transformational leadership and turnover intention in the context of horizontal and vertical collectivism. Through a questionnaire survey of employees in the Northeast and North China, this study collected 202 valid questionnaires and verified the theoretical assumptions using the hierarchical regression. The results indicate transformational leadership increases organizational commitment, thereby reducing turnover intention. Transformational leadership affects turnover intention through different dimension of organizational commitment in different context. In the context of horizontal collectivism, transformational leadership influence turnover intention through the path of continuance commitment. In the context of vertical collectivism, transformational leadership influence turnover intention through the path of affective commitment and normative commitment. Thus, organization can take different actions to lower turnover intention through improving organizational commitment according to the type of collectivism.