基于威慑理论和供应链风险传染，以2009～2022年沪深A股上市公司为样本，实证检验客户环境行政处罚对企业ESG表现的影响。研究发现，客户环境行政处罚具有供应链传染效应，能够显著促进企业的ESG表现。机制检验表明，客户环境行政处罚通过倒逼企业绿色转型升级、社会责任修复增效和监督治理优化3个层面提升了其ESG表现。异质性分析发现，在公众环境关注度较高、行业竞争激烈、供应链关系紧密等背景下，客户环境行政处罚对企业ESG表现的促进效果更加显著。进一步研究发现，客户环境行政处罚下企业ESG责任履行是实质性行为，而非策略工具。

Based on deterrence theory and supply chain risk contagion, this study empirically examines the impact of customer environmental administrative penalties on corporate ESG performance using a sample of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2009 to 2022. The findings reveal that customer environmental administrative penalties have a supply chain contagion effect and can significantly enhance a company’s ESG performance. Mechanism analysis shows that customer environmental administrative penalties have improved their ESG performance through three aspects: forcing companies to undergo green transformation and upgrading, improving social responsibility and efficiency, and optimizing supervision and governance. Heterogeneity analysis shows that in the context of high public environmental attention, fierce industry competition, and close supply chain relationships, customer environmental administrative penalties have a more significant promoting effect on corporate ESG performance. Further research has found that fulfilling corporate ESG responsibilities under customer environmental administrative penalties is a substantive behavior rather than a strategic tool.