The growth of modern organization is the micro-foundation for social progress. Modern organizations in developed countries grow through a long historical evolution, being a process of selfinnovation and endogenous development in the context of homogeneious social structure in the Western world. Forced by the strong shock from Western civilization, China got involved into the process of transitional development under dramatic changes in social structure. Learning by trial and error, The construction of modern organizations experienced a difficult process of exploration.　　Based on the background of transitional development, this paper investigates the basic characteristics of organizational construction in China,and its management effects, in comparison to the evolution of organizations in developed countries.