Abstract:This study analyzes key factors of organizational intelligence (OI), from the perspective of organizational Intellectual Capital, which contains human capital, structural capital and relational capital, to build up an Organizational Intelligence measurement system which consists of Organizational Intelligence Quotient (OIQ) and Organizational Emotional Quotient (OEQ). Then it takes 9 national research institutes in China as samples to do research. The samples show that intelligent institutes are related with high OIQ as well as high OEQ. For the case of averageintelligent institutes, even if with highIQ employees, ‘collective stupidity’ caused by the dissynergy of structural capital is the major gap to be a smarter institute. Above all, the synergy between structural capital and relational capital is critical for promoting the level of OI.