Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors of perianal infection in patients after chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Methods A Retrospective case-control study was performed on relevant clinical data(demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, medical and nursing records, laboratory results) collected from of 348 patients with hematologic malignancies who were admitted to a tertiary grade-A hospital in Sichuan Province for chemotherapy from December 2020 to May 2021. According to discharge diagnosis, the patients with perianal infection were selected as the case group and the other patients as the control group. The incidence of perianal infection after chemotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies was analyzed, and the risk factors of perianal infection were analyzed by univariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Results Among the 348 patients, perianal infection occurred in 35 cases with an infection rate of 10.1%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that younger than 60 (OR=8.776, P=0.039), a history of hemorrhoids (OR=7.733,P<0.001), perianal infections (OR=14.981, P<0.001) or diarrhea (OR=3.893, P=0.019), and white blood cell count less than 1×10⁹/L (OR=6.851,P=0.002) were independent risk factors for perianal infection in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with chemotherapy regimens. Conclusion Patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy are threatened by an increased risk of perianal infection if aged<60, having a history of hemorrhoids, perianal infections, or diarrhea, or presenting with white blood cell count less than 1×10⁹/L. Pertinent nursing strategies that appropriately incorporate these risk factors should be considered to prevent perianal infection in patients on chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies.

Key words: hematologic malignancy, chemotherapy, perianal infection, risk factor, nursing care, case-control study