Based on the data of A-share listed manufacturing firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2015 to 2021, this study empirically examines the impact, mechanism and boundary conditions of digitalization on asset-light internationalization. The results show that digitalization positively affects asset-light internationalization, and resource orchestration partially mediates this relationship. The positive relationship between digitalization and asset-light internationalization becomes weaker in high-uncertain industries, while it becomes stronger in contexts of higher supply chain concentration and better ESG performance. Further analysis finds that the promotion effect of digitalization on asset-light internationalization is more pronounced in large firms, firms with highly skilled employees, and high-tech firms.