Based on the perspective of reverse knowledge transfer, this study explores the feedback mechanism from industry to academia and research institutions in the process of scientific and technological achievements transformation. The findings reveal that reverse knowledge transfer exhibits dynamic evolutionary characteristics across different stages of scientific and technological achievements transformation. In the technology transformation stage, frequent and informal tacit knowledge exchange between enterprise R&D teams and university technology owners facilitate the optimization of technical feasibility and vertical deepening. During the product transformation stage, the knowledge transmitted by market teams such as extreme data and scenario demands, combining explicit and tacit knowledge, promotes the horizontal expansion of research directions and enhances reverse R&D capabilities in academia. In the ecosystem transformation stage, institutionalized and low-frequency explicit knowledge transfer further feeds back into universities’ interdisciplinary innovation and the optimization of their talent cultivation models.