Based on the categorization-elaboration model, this study examines the differential impacts, mechanisms, and boundary conditions of how cognitive integration match of entrepreneurial teams affects entrepreneurial performance by introducing resource-capability collaboration and improvisation ability. Using polynomial regression and response surface analysis on data from 497 members of 78 entrepreneurial teams, the results show the following. Firstly, higher degree of cognitive integration matching leads to better entrepreneurial performance. Secondly, “high-high” cognitive integration match improves entrepreneurial performance more than “low-low” match, while “high-low” cognitive integration mismatch more negatively affects entrepreneurial performance than “low-high” mismatch. Thirdly, resource-capability collaboration mediates this relationship. Finally, environmental dynamism moderates the effect of improvisation ability on entrepreneurial performance, and the more dynamic the environment, the stronger this effect.