Based on regulatory focus theory and from a self-regulatory perspective of “profit seeking” and “harm avoidance”, this study explores the double-edged sword effects of electronic performance monitoring on employee creativity through the analysis of 332 matched questionnaires at two time points. The results indicate that electronic performance monitoring positively influences employee creativity through promotion work focus, while it negatively affects employee creativity through prevention work focus. Monitoring transparency positively moderates the relationship between electronic performance monitoring and promotion work focus, while negatively moderating the relationship between electronic performance monitoring and prevention work focus. Additionally, monitoring transparency significantly moderates the indirect effects of promotion work focus and prevention work focus on the relationship between electronic performance monitoring and employee creativity.