Based on sociotechnical systems theory, this study conducts a systematic literature review of 310 Chinese and English core journal articles published between 2015 and 2026. An integrative analytical framework centered on “bidirectional human-machine adaptation” is developed to systematically elucidate the conceptual structure, influencing factors, mechanisms, and outcomes of human-machine collaboration. The findings reveal that human-machine collaboration presents a continuum from instrumental use to value co-creation within the “interaction depth-task structure” two-dimensional framework; collaboration effectiveness is systematically shaped by four categories of factors: individual characteristics, technological boundaries, psychological bonds, and situational contexts; human-machine collaboration generates pronounced double-edged sword effects at the individual, team, and organizational levels through three pathways: cognitive appraisal, resource flow, and identity matching.