基于2012~2023年中国A股上市企业数据，构建纳入企业链位因素的技术溢出模型，考察核心企业人工智能应用对供应链加成率分布的影响。研究表明，核心企业人工智能应用在供应链中具有双边溢出效应，且向上游企业的溢出作用更为显著；在模型中引入链位因素后，该效应有所减弱。进一步分析发现，人工智能溢出效应促进了供应链加成率分布由分化趋于协调，表现出对上游企业加成率更大的提升作用。异质性检验发现，当上下游企业属于高新技术行业、规模较大或与核心企业技术差距较小时，溢出效应更为突出；在企业加成率分布层面，人工智能强化了技术能力差异对利润分布的影响，促进上游企业利润向头部集中，打破了下游“大者恒强”的加成率分布格局。

Based on data from Chinese A-share listed firms from 2012 to 2023, this study constructs a technology spillover model incorporating firms’ chain-position factors to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) application by core firms on the distribution of markup ratios along the supply chain. The empirical results show that AI application by core firms generates bilateral spillover effects along the supply chain, with the spillover effect being more pronounced for upstream firms. Incorporating chain-position factors into the model weakens this effect. Further analysis reveals that AI spillover effects shift the distribution of markup ratios along the supply chain from divergence toward convergence, manifesting as a greater enhancement of markup ratios for upstream firms. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the spillover effect is more prominent when upstream and downstream firms belong to high-tech industries, are larger in scale, or have a smaller technological gap with the core firm. At the level of markup distribution, AI amplifies the influence of technological capability differences on profit distribution, driving upstream profits toward top firms while disrupting the “larger firms always dominate” pattern of markup distribution downstream.