The key of industrial structure optimization of the mineexhausted cities lays in relying less on the natural resources. According to economic statistical data from 1999~2009, this paper analyzes the status of industrial structure of Huangshi City. The industrial structure optimization and benefit of Huangshi City is analyzed by means of relative labor productivity, deviation contrast and shiftshare analysis. It turns out that, the industrial structure of Huangshi City has been optimized and upgraded to a certain extent; however, the great dependence on natural resources restricts the promotion of industrial competitiveness. It suggests that government should focus on rationalization of industrial structure, sophisticated, and focused development to strengthen responsibilities of government, to improve the power of science and technology, to adjust the development of three major industries step by step and finally to promote further upgrading of industrial structure in Huangshi City.