Abstract: Objective To evaluate and summarize the best evidence of early removal of urinary catheters in male patients after lumbar spine surgery under general anesthesia. Methods We electronically retrieved the research on early removal of urinary catheter. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality and extracted the data from the included studies and evidence was summarized from eligible studies. Results Four studies were included, with 3 guidelines and 1 best evidence summary. Evidences were summarized in the following:(1)Try to minimize the duration of catheterization (strength of recommendation=A).(2)Select appropriate timing of extubation(strength of recommendation=B).(3)Evaluate and record the reason for catheterization (strength of recommendation=A).(4)When conditions permit, it is recommended to use the reminder system or stop the system in order to remove the catheter in time (strength of recommendation=A).(5)Do a good job in patient education and training of medical personnel (strength of recommendation=B).(6)Take appropriate measures to promote bladder function recovery (Strength of recommendation=B). Conclusion Indwelling catheter is one of the important reasons for urinary tract infection. Medical staff should accurately assess the timing of urinary catheter removal and remove unnecessary urinary catheter as soon as possible to effectively reduce the risk of urinary tract infection and adverse events after extubation.

Key words: general anesthesia, lumbar surgery, male, urinary catheterization, removal of urinary catheter, evidence summary