It is just 100 years since the first publishing of “Principles of Scientific Management” from Frederick w. Taylor. But until now there was few serious and systematic academic discussion and research about it. In practice the function of scientific management is under valued. This paper comes back to F. Taylor. The main purposes are to analyze the nature of scientific management, to study the great results from the practical process of scientific management in different industrial and social sectors, and to give a critical review of the diffusion and development of scientific management in China.