Aiming at solving the problem of weak independent innovation of China’s stateowned enterprises, this paper reviews theories on business ability and provides the threefactor model frame for the ability. It further explores the influence of stateowned enterprises’ inner technical capacity, external social capital and organizational structure to their independent innovation. The result of the study shows that technical capacity has positive linear relation with the depth and source of innovation, that there is a nonlinear U shape relation between social capital and innovation sources and that organizational structure has obvious adjustment between technical capacity and innovation sources as well as social ability and innovation sources.