Learning from foreign university’s practice and according to different working focus, professors of the research-oriented universities are divided into scientific research-oriented professors, teaching-oriented professors and practice-oriented professors. Based on literature retrieval and statistical analysis of evaluating the performance of 343 professors’ duties of M university in the past three years, we preliminarily construct the performance evaluation index system of professors in researchoriented universities. In addition, we apply Delphi method and AHP method to give a weight coefficient to the index system in order to offering some helps for developing core human resources in the researchoriented universities.