Based on the provincial panel data from 1998 to 2007, science and technology innovation efficiency is calculated and decomposed by nonparametric HMB index approach. Then the paper tests the convergence hypothesis of the innovation efficiency. The calculation results show that the innovation efficiency has been increasing from 1998 to 2007 due to technical progress and scale efficiency. Moreover, the convergence analysis suggests that the unconditional β convergence and the conditional β convergence coexist in science and technology innovation efficiency.