The research focuses on the alignment relation between competitive priority and supply chain strategy. We argue that competitive priority includes four types, which are cost priority, quality priority, time priority and flexibility priority. Supply chain strategy includes two types, which are lean supply chain and agile supply chain. Based on theory analysis, we propose that certain competitive priority should align with appropriate supply chain strategy, and we get a strategy alignment model and some theory hypotheses. At last, those theory hypotheses are tested based on survey data from Chinese manufacturing industry.