The conception of environmental behavior(EB) is defined and environmental attitude, personality and contextual factors are concluded as three major variables influencing EB on the basis of a systematic literature review. The influencing differences of four variables on Chinese residents’ EB are analyzed. The results show that environmental sensitivity of environmental attitude, environmental morality of personality, and behavior barriers and public norms of contextual factors are the most significant variables influencing EB of Chinese residents. At last, the countermeasures are presented to improve Citizens’ EB.