This study examines the relationship among human resource management system (HRMS), organizational culture and organizational performance. Four types of HRMS, which are the commitmentbased, market, compliancebased, and collaborative HRMS for four types of organization culture, which are the developmental, rational, bureaucratic and group culture are developed. The findings suggest that there is not a single organizational culture or HRMS which improves organizational performance under all conditions. Enterprises should build a fit between organizational culture and HRMS according to internal and external environments.