According to the meaning of Scientific Development Concept: insisting on human-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, this paper constructs the comprehensive evaluation index system through the selection, screening and rational analysis of science and technology indicators. By using the Entropy Weight to give the weight to each indicator, this paper sets up Comprehensive Evaluation to appraise the development status of the Period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of China. At the same time, this paper gives the policy suggestions to the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China. The characteristics of this paper lie in: i) it sets up the science and technology appraising indicator system based on the principles of international attention, being good as well as fast, sustainable development and being human-oriented, which reflect the Scientific Development Concept. ii) it uses the Entropy Weight to give the weights to avoid the subjectiveness in weight deciding; iii) by using the Entropy Weight to decide the Entropy, it insures the concepts contain over 95.5% original information; iv) it helps to find out the problems of Science and Technology development by analyzing the factors which influence the guide line layers; v) it analyzes the problems of Science and Technology development in the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of China, and gives out the policy suggestions to the period of the eleventh one.