This paper studies organizational adaptation from a new perspective of organizational immunology, which is borrowed from the research achievements of biology. Firstly, we introduce the concept of organizational immunity. Secondly, we summarize and analyze the two dimensions of organizational immune behavior: non-specific immunity and specific immunity. The non-specific immunity construct is decomposed into three factors, which are the structure, the rules and the culture. The specific immunity construct is decomposed into the scanning, the defense and the memory. Thirdly, we explore the mechanism of organizational immune behavior. Finally, we discuss the managerial implications and propose future directions for organizational immunology.